When Institutional Readiness Outpaces Operational Capacity: A Governance Paradox in an Indonesian Tourism Village

Titi Darmi, Iqbal Miftakhul Mujtahid

Abstract


Indonesian studies of community-based tourism commonly treat the presence of village institutions (BUMDes, Pokdarwis, plans, budget lines) as evidence that a village government can govern tourism; whether these arrangements translate into the capacity to deliver tourism services, especially in recognised villages, has rarely been examined. Drawing on institutional and policy capacity scholarship, this study distinguishes institutional readiness (the existence and formal functioning of mandated structures, plans and budgets) from operational capacity (the skills, services and infrastructure needed to receive and manage visitors), and asks why a recognised village still struggles to operate tourism. A qualitative single-case study of Lubuk Resam Village, Bengkulu, used interviews with nine informants (five village officials, four judges of the 2022 provincial tourism village competition), observation and document analysis, organised around seven standard indicators and analysed thematically. Institutional arrangements, natural endowments and social cohesion were appraised as strong, while trained human resources, public transport, emergency access and visitor information were weak or absent. Three mechanisms explain this gap: a mandate-and-funding logic rewarding the adoption of institutional forms, the location of key capacity inputs outside village authority, and a thin base of tourism skills.  Strong institutions support tourism governance, but they do not guarantee effective tourism services. Tourism village recognition may value institutional readiness more than operational capacity.

Keywords


Tourism governance; institutional capacity; operational capacity; rural governance; village institutions; community-based tourism.

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35308/jpp.v12i4.12468

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