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The Hexahelix Model in Regional Innovation: Evidence from Districts and Cities in Aceh Province
Abstract
Regional innovation in Indonesia is increasingly expected to emerge from collaboration beyond government, yet it remains unclear which actors take part in local innovation and why multi-actor collaboration remains incomplete. Using the Hexahelix framework—government, academia, business, community, and media as collaborating actors, with information technology as an enabling dimension—this study examines patterns of actor participation in regional innovation and the institutional conditions that shape them. A qualitative comparative case study was conducted in seven districts/cities of Aceh Province representing the three categories of the 2023 Regional Innovation Index: less innovative, innovative, and very innovative. Data were drawn from semi-structured interviews with 14 officials of district/city and provincial regional development planning agencies (Bappeda), which recorded the involvement of each Hexahelix element in 125 regional innovations, and from policy documents; the data were summarised using descriptive frequencies, analysed interactively, and compared across cases. At least 35 innovations (28.0%) involved a non-government Hexahelix actor, ranging from 17.0% in Aceh Jaya, the only very innovative case, to 88.9% in Banda Aceh City, and none met the complete Hexahelix configuration. Media (28.0%) and community (19.2%) were involved more often than academia (16.0%), while business took part in only 6.4% of innovations; 47 innovations (37.6%) were application-based. The Index category therefore reflected the volume of innovation more than the depth of collaboration. Full Hexahelix collaboration was constrained by uneven local policy support, limited budgets, insufficient guidance for innovation initiators, and the confinement of innovation within individual government agencies. This study contributes by employing the Hexahelix model as an analytical lens for identifying missing collaborative linkages, especially with business, rather than as a normative prescription.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.35308/jpp.v12i4.14784
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