Marine Protected Area Policy Networks as a Catalyst for Local Resilience: Evidence from Eastern Bintan Island

Edison Edison, Dian Prima Safitri, Marisa Elsera, Pery Rehendra Sucipta, Ulqadri Ulqadri

Abstract


Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are becoming an essential tool for marine biodiversity conservation and sustaining the livelihood of coastal communities. Nonetheless, the success of MPAs relies, to a great extent, on the efficiency of the policy networks that manage them. This research explores policy networks' role as drivers of local resilience in East Bintan Island, Indonesia. The objective of this research is to understand how policy networks and dynamics in MPA governance can support the social-ecological resilience of local communities. This study used a qualitative method design to identify the composition, dynamics, and effects of such networks and how they facilitate coordination among stakeholders, enhance the efficiency of resources, and solve social-ecological issues. The research established that policy networks in East Bintan Island have a transformative function of connecting government agencies, local communities, and non-government organizations. They facilitate knowledge, power, and resource sharing that optimizes adaptive capacity and enables sustainable practice. Yet, their complete potential is hampered by issues such as power imbalances, institutional obstacles, and conflicts of interest. This study makes a contribution to the literature by providing empirical insights into the catalytic function of policy networks in MPA governance. Additionally, it offers practical suggestions to practitioners and policymakers who aim to promote local resilience using adaptive and inclusive governance. Through the explanation of policy networks and their connection to community resilience, the study affirms that collaborative ecosystems are necessary as a reaction to socio-economic and environmental problems within the coastal region due to their complexity.


Keywords


Marine Protected Area; conservation; policy network; local resilience

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdillah, A., Buchari, R. A., Widianingsih, I., & Nurasa, H. (2023). Climate change governance for urban resilience for Indonesia: A systematic literature review. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2235170

Addison, P. F. E., Collins, D. J., Trebilco, R., Howe, S., Bax, N., Hedge, P., Jones, G., Miloslavich, P., Roelfsema, C., Sams, M., Stuart-Smith, R. D., Scanes, P., von Baumgarten, P., & McQuatters-Gollop, A. (2018). A new wave of marine evidence-based management: emerging challenges and solutions to transform monitoring, evaluating, and reporting. ICES Journal of Marine Science, 75(3), 941–952. https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx216

Adriman, A. , Purbayanto, A. , Budiharsono, S. , & D. A., & Damar, A. (2012). Kondisi Ekosistem Terumbu Karang Di Kawasan Konservasi Laut Daerah Bintan Timur Kepulauan Riau. . Berkala Perikanan Terubuk, 40(1), 22–35.

Akbar, D., Mariani, Yudiatmaja, W. E., & Edison. (2021). Governance of mangrove restoration and conservation to climate change resilience in Bintan Island. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 824(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/824/1/012048

Apriliani, T., Yulianda, F., & Yulianto, G. (2009). Strategi Konservatif Dalam Pengelolaan Wisata Bahari Di Pulau Mapur, Kabupaten Bintan, Kepulauan Riau. . Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perairan Dan Perikanan Indonesia, 16(2), 127–136.

Armitage, D. R., Plummer, R., Berkes, F., Arthur, R. I., Charles, A. T., Davidson-Hunt, I. J., Diduck, A. P., Doubleday, N. C., Johnson, D. S., Marschke, M., Pinkerton, E. W., & Wollenberg, E. K. (2009). Adaptive co-management for social-ecological complexity. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 7(2), 95–102. https://doi.org/10.1890/070089

Baker, S., & Constant, N. L. (2020). Epistemic justice and the integration of local ecological knowledge for marine conservation: Lessons from the Seychelles. Marine Policy, 117, 103921. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103921

Ban, N. C., Gurney, G. G., Marshall, N. A., Whitney, C. K., Mills, M., Gelcich, S., Bennett, N. J., Meehan, M. C., Butler, C., Ban, S., Tran, T. C., Cox, M. E., & Breslow, S. J. (2019). Well-being outcomes of marine protected areas. Nature Sustainability, 2(6), 524–532. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-019-0306-2

Beal, S., Goriup, P. D., & Haynes, T. (2017). Typology, Management and Monitoring of Marine Protected Area Networks. In Management of Marine Protected Areas (pp. 49–67). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119075806.ch3

Bennett, N. J., Di Franco, A., Calò, A., Nethery, E., Niccolini, F., Milazzo, M., & Guidetti, P. (2019). Local support for conservation is associated with perceptions of good governance, social impacts, and ecological effectiveness. Conservation Letters, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12640

Bergseth, B., & Day, J. C. (2023). Compliance – The ‘Achilles heel’ of protected areas. Marine Policy, 155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2023.105728

Cashion, T., Nguyen, T., ten Brink, T., Mook, A., Palacios-Abrantes, J., & Roberts, S. M. (2020). Shifting seas, shifting boundaries: Dynamic marine protected area designs for a changing climate. PLOS ONE, 15(11), e0241771. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0241771

Caveen, A. J., Gray, T. S., Stead, S. M., & Polunin, N. V. C. (2013). MPA policy: What lies behind the science? Marine Policy, 37(1), 3 – 10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2012.04.005

Chen, F., Cui, Z., Wu, J., Jiang, Y., & Cai, F. (2024). Protection pattern and driving mechanism of typical marine ecosystems: a case study of China-ASEAN countries. Frontiers in Marine Science, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2024.1378188

Christie, P., Bennett, N., Gray, N. J., Wilhelm, T. ‘Aulani, Lewis, N., Parks, J., Ban, N., Gruby, R. L., Gordon, L., Day, J. C., Taei, S., & Friedlander, A. M. (2018). Why people matter in ocean governance: Incorporating human dimensions into large-scale marine protected areas. https://doi.org/10.31230/osf.io/c5xqb

Chuenpagdee, R., Pascual-Fernández, J. J., Szeliánszky, E., Luis Alegret, J., Fraga, J., & Jentoft, S. (2013). Marine protected areas: Re-thinking their inception. Marine Policy, 39, 234–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2012.10.016

Chung, H. S. E., & Jao, J. C. (2022). Improving marine protected area governance: Concerns and possible solutions from Taiwan’s practice. Marine Policy, 140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105078

Clement, S., Jozaei, J., Mitchell, M., Allen, C. R., & Garmestani, A. S. (2024). How resilience is framed matters for governance of coastal social‐ecological systems. Environmental Policy and Governance, 34(1), 65–76. https://doi.org/10.1002/eet.2056

Darmawan, E., Widianingsih, I., Mulyawan, R., & Rahmatunnisa, M. (2022). Bibliometric Analysis Of Fisheries Policy Articles In The Journal Scopus Written By Authors From Affiliates Of The 10 Best Universities In Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1095(1), 012014. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1095/1/012014

de Bruijn, H., & ten Heuvelhof, E. F. (2004). Process arrangements for variety, retention, and selection. Knowledge, Technology & Policy, 16(4), 91–108. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12130-004-1017-0

Djosetro, M., & Behagel, J. H. (2020). Building local support for a coastal protected area: Collaborative governance in the Bigi Pan Multiple Use Management Area of Suriname. Marine Policy, 112, 103746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2019.103746

Dudley, N., & Hockings, M. (2017). Marine Protected Area Governance and Effectiveness Across Networks. In Management of Marine Protected Areas: A Network Perspective. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119075806.ch4

Fastenrath, S., Coenen, L., & Davidson, K. (2019). Urban Resilience in Action: the Resilient Melbourne Strategy as Transformative Urban Innovation Policy? Sustainability, 11(3), 693. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030693

Gibson, C. B. (2017). Elaboration, Generalization, Triangulation, and Interpretation. Organizational Research Methods, 20(2), 193–223. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428116639133

Glimmerveen, L., Ybema, S., & Nies, H. (2022). Who Participates in Public Participation? The Exclusionary Effects of Inclusionary Efforts. Administration & Society, 54(4), 543–574. https://doi.org/10.1177/00953997211034137

Green, C., Carey, G., & Joyce, A. (2022). Application of theories of the policy process in research on consumption of sustainable diets: a systematic review. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 1335. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13717-5

Habibah, S. N., Febriamansyah, R., & Mahdi, M. (2023). Efektifitas Pengelolaan Kawasan Konservasi Lamun di Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Wilayah Timur Pulau Bintan. Jurnal Akuatiklestari, 6(2), 168–178. https://doi.org/10.31629/akuatiklestari.v6i2.5612

Harker, A. L., Stojanovic, T. A., Majalia, A. M., Jackson, C., Baya, S., & Tsiganyiu, K. D. (2022). Relationships between Livelihoods, Well-Being, and Marine Protected Areas: Evidence from a Community Survey, Watamu Marine National Park and Reserve, Kenya. Coastal Management, 50(6), 490–513. https://doi.org/10.1080/08920753.2022.2126266

Hayes, A. L., & Scott, T. A. (2018). Multiplex Network Analysis for Complex Governance Systems Using Surveys and Online Behavior. Policy Studies Journal, 46(2), 327 – 353. https://doi.org/10.1111/psj.12210

Hooge, E. H., Waslander, S., & Theisens, H. C. (2022). The many shapes and sizes of meta-governance. An empirical study of strategies applied by a well-advanced meta-governor: the case of Dutch central government in education. Public Management Review, 24(10), 1591 – 1609. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2021.1916063

Irman, I., & Akbar, D. (2021). Tata Kelola dan Kebijakan Wilayah Konservasi Mangrove Di Kabupaten Bintan. KEMUDI : Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan, 6(01), 75–82. https://doi.org/10.31629/kemudi.v6i01.3671

Jozaei, J., Chuang, W.-C., Allen, C. R., & Garmestani, A. (2022). Social vulnerability, social-ecological resilience and coastal governance. Global Sustainability, 5, e12. https://doi.org/10.1017/sus.2022.10

Kang, K. E., Bowman, A. O., Hannibal, B., Woodruff, S., & Portney (deceased), K. (2023). Ecological, Engineering and Community Resilience Policy Adoption in Large US Cities. Urban Affairs Review, 59(6), 1973–2004. https://doi.org/10.1177/10780874221150793

Kenis, P., & Schneider, V. (1991). Policy networks and policy analysis Policy networks. Policy Networks: Empirical Evidence and Theoretical Considerations, 25–59.

Khew, Y. T. J., Jarzebski, M. P., Dyah, F., San Carlos, R., Gu, J., Esteban, M., Aránguiz, R., & Akiyama, T. (2015). Assessment of social perception on the contribution of hard-infrastructure for tsunami mitigation to coastal community resilience after the 2010 tsunami: Greater Concepcion area, Chile. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 13, 324–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2015.07.013

Khuu, D. T., Jones, P. J., & Ekins, P. (2021). A Governance analysis of Con Dao National Park, Vietnam. Marine Policy, 127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2020.103986

Kurniawan, H. (2023). MITIGASI PENANGGULANGAN TUMPAHAN SLUDGE OIL DI KAWASAN STRATEGIS PARIWISATA KABUPATEN BINTAN. JURNAL ILMIAH GLOBAL EDUCATION, 4(1), 57–65. https://doi.org/10.55681/jige.v4i1.540

Kusumawati, I., & Huang, H.-W. (2015). Key factors for successful management of marine protected areas: A comparison of stakeholders׳ perception of two MPAs in Weh island, Sabang, Aceh, Indonesia. Marine Policy, 51, 465–475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2014.09.029

Lopazanski, C., Foshay, B., Couture, J. L., Wagner, D., Hannah, L., Pidgeon, E., & Bradley, D. (2023). Principles for climate resilience are prevalent in marine protected area management plans. Conservation Letters, 16(5). https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12972

Lumbantoruan, L. H., Noviyanti, R., & Gigentika, S. (2023). Kondisi Pengelolaan Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Bintan Provinsi Kepulauan Riau.https://doi.org/10.31629/akuatiklestari.v7i1.6212. Jurnal Akuatiklestari, 7(1), 8–22. , 7(1), 8–22.

Mackelworth, P. C., Teff Seker, Y., Vega Fernández, T., Marques, M., Alves, F. L., D’Anna, G., Fa, D. A., Goldborough, D., Kyriazi, Z., Pita, C., Portman, M. E., Rumes, B., Warr, S. J., & Holcer, D. (2019). Geopolitics and Marine Conservation: Synergies and Conflicts. Frontiers in Marine Science, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00759

Manyilizu, M. C. (2023). A decade of the Blue Economy concept in the western Indian Ocean region: research and technology perspectives. Western Indian Ocean Journal of Marine Science, 22(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.4314/wiojms.v22i2.1

Mardhiah, N., Muhammad, Z., Saputra, J., Triayanto, T., & Marefanda, N. (2023). Collaborative governance: aceh traditional institutions and the implications of the SDGS local wisdom of acehnese coastal communities in indonesia. Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Journal of Undergraduate Research, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.46754/umtjur.v5i2.421

Maryudi, A., & Fisher, M. (2020). The power in the interview: A practical guide for identifying the critical role of actor interests in environment research. Forest and Society, 4(1), 142 – 150. https://doi.org/10.24259/fs.v4i1.9132

Matti, S., & Sandström, A. (2011). The rationale determining advocacy coalitions: Examining coordination networks and corresponding beliefs. Policy Studies Journal, 39(3), 385 – 410. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.2011.00414.x

Matti, S., & Sandström, A. (2013). The defining elements of advocacy coalitions: Continuing the search for explanations for coordination and coalition structures. Review of Policy Research, 30(2), 240 – 257. https://doi.org/10.1111/ropr.12011

Meilana, L., Fang, Q., Susanto, H. A., Widiastutik, R., Syaputra, D. E., Ikhumhen, H. O., Sholihah, R., Hakim, A., Yang, S., & Liu, Z. (2023). How Indonesian marine protected areas (MPAs) are doing: A management performance-based evaluation. Biological Conservation, 282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2023.110033

Monstadt, J., & Schmidt, M. (2019). Urban resilience in the making? The governance of critical infrastructures in German cities. Urban Studies, 56(11), 2353–2371. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098018808483

Muccitelli, S., Pozzi, C., D’Ascanio, R., & Magaudda, S. (2023). Environmental Contract: A Collaborative Tool to Improve the Multilevel Governance of European MPAs. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(10). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15108174

National Research Council. (2001). Marine Protected Areas: Tools for Sustaining Ocean Ecosystems. . The National Academies Press.

Ostrom, E. (1994). 6. Constituting Social Capital and Collective Action. Journal of Theoretical Politics, 6(4), 527–562. https://doi.org/10.1177/0951692894006004006

Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful Sampling for Qualitative Data Collection and Analysis in Mixed Method Implementation Research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), 533–544. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-013-0528-y

Panter-Brick, C. (2023). Pathways to resilience and pathways to flourishing: Examining the added-value of multisystem research and intervention in contexts of war and forced displacement. Development and Psychopathology, 35(5), 2214–2225. https://doi.org/10.1017/S095457942300113X

Paolisso, M., Prell, C., Johnson, K. J., Needelman, B., Khan, I. M. P., & Hubacek, K. (2019). Enhancing socio-ecological resilience in coastal regions through collaborative science, knowledge exchange and social networks: a case study of the Deal Island Peninsula, USA. Socio-Ecological Practice Research, 1(2), 109–123. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42532-019-00010-w

Parsons, B. M. (2018). Local Autism Policy Networks: Expertise and Intermediary Organizations. Educational Policy, 32(6), 823 – 854. https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904816673743

Prasetyo, N., Filep, S., & Carr, A. (2023). Towards culturally sustainable scuba diving tourism: an integration of Indigenous knowledge. Tourism Recreation Research, 48(3), 319–332. https://doi.org/10.1080/02508281.2021.1925830

Rhodes, R. A. W., & Marsh, D. (1992). New directions in the study of policy networks. European Journal of Political Research, 21(1–2), 181–205. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.1992.tb00294.x

Rölfer, L., Celliers, L., & Abson, D. J. (2022). Resilience and coastal governance: knowledge and navigation between stability and transformation. Ecology and Society, 27(2), art40. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-13244-270240

Schéré, C. M., Schreckenberg, K., Dawson, T. P., Duval, C., Alban, F., Gentil, É. L., & Provost, P. (2023). Examining stakeholder involvement in the context of top-down marine protected area governance: The case of the Sept-Îles National Nature Reserve (Brittany, France). Regional Studies in Marine Science, 67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2023.103196

Sejati, A. A., Sudarmo, & Haryanti, R. H. (2024). Indigenous community governance in marine conservation: A bibliometric analysis. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1317(1), 012004. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1317/1/012004

Smith, J. G., Free, C. M., Lopazanski, C., Brun, J., Anderson, C. R., Carr, M. H., Claudet, J., Dugan, J. E., Eurich, J. G., Francis, T. B., Hamilton, S. L., Mouillot, D., Raimondi, P. T., Starr, R. M., Ziegler, S. L., Nickols, K. J., & Caselle, J. E. (2023). A marine protected area network does not confer community structure resilience to a marine heatwave across coastal ecosystems. Global Change Biology, 29(19), 5634–5651. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16862

Smith, J., & Metaxas, A. (2018). A decision tree that can address connectivity in the design of Marine Protected Area Networks (MPAn). Marine Policy, 88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.11.034

Sou, G. (2019). Household self‐blame for disasters: responsibilisation and (un)accountability in decentralised participatory risk governance. Disasters, 43(2), 289–310. https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12319

Strachan, L. L., Lilley, R. J., & Hennige, S. J. (2022). A regional and international framework for evaluating seagrass management and conservation. Marine Policy, 146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105306

Svolkinas, L., Holmes, G., Dmitrieva, L., Ermolin, I., Suvorkov, P., & Goodman, S. J. (2023). Stakeholder consensus suggests strategies to promote sustainability in an artisanal fishery with high rates of poaching and marine mammal bycatch. People and Nature, 5(4), 1187–1206. https://doi.org/10.1002/pan3.10490

Takeuchi, K., Elmqvist, T., Hatakeyama, M., Kauffman, J., Turner, N., & Zhou, D. (2014). Using sustainability science to analyse social–ecological restoration in NE Japan after the great earthquake and tsunami of 2011. Sustainability Science, 9(4), 513–526. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11625-014-0257-5

Taylor, E., Baine, M., Killmer, A., & Howard, M. (2013). Seaflower marine protected area: Governance for sustainable development. Marine Policy, 41, 57–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2012.12.023

Ward-Paige, C. A., White, E. R., Madin, E. M. P., Osgood, G. J., Bailes, L. K., Bateman, R. L., Belonje, E., Burns, K. V., Cullain, N., Darbyshire-Jenkins, P., de Waegh, R. S., Eger, A. M., Fola-Matthews, L., Ford, B. M., Gonson, C., Honeyman, C. J., House, J. E., Jacobs, E., Jordan, L. K., … Yamb, L. (2022). A framework for mapping and monitoring human-ocean interactions in near real-time during COVID-19 and beyond. Marine Policy, 140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2022.105054

Watson-Wright, W. M., Wells, P. G., Duce, R. A., Gilardi, K. V., Girvan, A. S. T., Huber, M. E., Kershaw, P. J., Linders, J. B. H. J., Luit, R. J., Vivian, C. M. G., & Vousden, D. H. (2024). The UN Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine Environmental Protection (GESAMP) — An ocean science-policy interface standing the test of time. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 199, 115917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115917

Wei, W., & Jiang, Z. (2023). A bibliometrix-based visualization analysis of international studies on conversations of people with aphasia: Present and prospects. Heliyon, 9(6), e16839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16839

Weible, C. M. (2005). Beliefs and Perceived Influence in a Natural Resource Conflict: An Advocacy Coalition Approach to Policy Networks. Political Research Quarterly, 58(3), 461–475. https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290505800308

Wilkin, J., Biggs, E., & Tatem, A. (2019). Measurement of Social Networks for Innovation within Community Disaster Resilience. Sustainability, 11(7), 1943. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11071943

Yanto, F., Susiana, & Muzammil, W. (2020). Tingkat Pemanfaatan Ikan Umela (Lutjanus vitta) di Perairan Mapur yang didaratkan di Desa Kelong Kecamatan Bintan Pesisir Kabupaten Bintan. Journal of Tropical Fisheries Management, 4(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.29244/jppt.v4i2.31955

Yudiatmaja, W. E., Edison, Samnuzulsari, T., Yudithia, Rezeki, S. R. I., Suyito, Akbar, D., & Alfiandri, A. (2021). Reducing solid waste through waste banks: An empirical study in Kepulauan Riau, Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 755(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/755/1/012076




DOI: https://doi.org/10.35308/jpp.v11i2.11515

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Edison Edison, Dian Prima Safitri, Marisa Elsera, Pery Rehendra Sucipta, Ulqadri Ulqadri

Jurnal Public Policy
p-ISSN: 2477-5738  I  e-ISSN: 2502-0528  I  DOI: 10.35308
Jl. Alue Peunyareng, Ujong Tanoh Darat, Meureubo, Kabupaten Aceh Barat, Aceh 23681, Indonesia
(0655) 7110535 l +621260313742 l +6285277110911
License Creative Commons is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License