Analisis Political Ecology: Konflik PT GAG di Raja Ampat dan Marginalisasi Masyarakat Lokal Atas Sumber Daya Nikel

Abstract

This study examines the dynamics of environmental politics surrounding the controversy of PT Gag Nickel’s mining activities on Gag Island, Raja Ampat, West Papua. The case reflects the tension between Indonesia’s national economic development agenda, particularly nickel downstreaming policies, and environmental conservation efforts in a region with exceptionally high marine biodiversity. This research employs a qualitative approach using a case study method, supported by literature review and critical discourse analysis, to analyze power relations, state policies, and political-economic interests shaping natural resource governance. The findings indicate that mining policies on Gag Island are predominantly driven by state and corporate interests aligned with the national nickel downstreaming agenda, while ecological justice, environmental protection, and indigenous community participation tend to be marginalized. Regulatory overlaps between central and local governments, weak environmental law enforcement, and limited involvement of local communities further exacerbate environmental governance inequalities. This study underscores that environmental issues in Indonesia are not merely technical in nature but are deeply embedded in power structures that position the environment as a subordinate variable in economic development. Therefore, inclusive, transparent, and justice-oriented environmental governance reforms are essential to achieving sustainable development.