Analisis Vegetasi dan Indeks Keanekaragaman Gulma pada Budidaya Kacang Tanah di Desa Ujung Tanoh Darat, Meureubo, Kabupaten Aceh Barat

Hilmina Itawarnemi, Rayhan Amadius Weihan, Chairudin Chairudin, Siti Aminah

Abstract


ABSTRACT

The presence of weeds in peanut cultivation areas can cause a decline in productivity. In Ujong Tanoh Darat Village, farmers do not use mulch in peanut cultivation, making them more susceptible to weeds and greatly affecting crop yields. This study aims to identify the types and diversity of weeds in peanut cultivation fields in Ujong Tanoh Darat Village. The research location was selected using purposive sampling. Data collection was carried out using the quadrat method by placing 10 plots measuring 0.5 m2 x 0.5 m2 randomly. Seven weed species were found in peanut cultivation fields, including Melochia corchorifolia L., Eleusine indica, Spermacoce latifolia, Ludwigia octovalvis, Cyperus sphacelatus Rottb., Paspalum paniculatum L., and Echinochloa crus-galli L. Eleusine indica (SDR 46.98%) and Melochia corchorifolia (SDR 27.30%) were found to have the highest dominance levels, while Paspalium paniculatum L (SDR 3.27%) had the lowest. The diversity index (H' = 1.356) and weed evenness (E = 0.697) indicated moderate diversity with uneven population distribution. Meanwhile, the species richness index (Dₘg = 1.27) was low due to the dominance of certain species. This condition confirms that the presence of dominant weeds has the potential to significantly reduce peanut productivity, so control needs to be focused on sustainable strategies through an Integrated Weed Management (IWM) approach that combines mechanical, cultural and chemical methods selectively.

Keywords: Diversity, Eleusine indica, Peanuts, Vegetation Analysis, Weeds

 

 


Full Text:

PDF

References


Adli, M. A., Bangun, M. K., & Purba, E. (2018). Periode Kritis Persaingan Tanaman Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaeaL.) dengan Gulma. 6(4), 167–186.

Alcántara-de la Cruz, R., Silva, L. B. X. da, Takano, H. K., Barcellos Júnior, L. H., & Mendes, K. F. (2025). The Rise of Eleusine indica as Brazil’s Most Troublesome Weed. Agronomy, 15(8), 1759. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15081759

Antarafoto. (2023). Petani membersihkan kacang tanah hasil panen di Kota Bengkulu. Antarafoto. https://www.antarafoto.com/id/view/2068044/penurunan-produksi-kacang-tanah

Azhari, A. P., Jihadi, A., Agroekoteknologi, S., Pertanian, F., Mataram, U., & Barat, N. T. (2025). Studi kompetisi antara gulma teki dengan tanaman kacang tanah di lahan kering Study of competition between sedge and. Studi Kompetisi Antara Gulma Teki Dengan Tanaman Kacang Tanah Di Lahan Kering Study of Competition between Sedge and Peanuts in Dry Land, 12(2), 72–94.

Chachalis, D., Reddy, K. N., Elmore, C. D., & Steele, M. L. (2001). Herbicide efficacy, leaf structure, and spray droplet contact angle among Ipomoea species and smallflower morningglory . Weed Science, 49(5). https://doi.org/10.1614/0043-1745(2001)049[0628:helsas]2.0.co;2

Chairuddin, C., Andriani, D., Weihan, R. A., & Sari, P. M. (2023). Respon Pertumbuhan Jagung Hibrida (Zea mays) Terhadap Sistem Olah Tanah dan Pengendalian Gulma. Agriekstensia, 22(2), 92–100. https://doi.org/10.34145/agriekstensia.v22i2.2970

Daramola, O. S., Iboyi, J. E., Macdonald, G. E., Kanissery, R. G., Tillman, B. L., Singh, H., & Devkota, P. (2024). A systematic review of chemical weed management in peanut (Arachis hypogaea) in the United States: Challenges and opportunities. In Weed Science (Vol. 72, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2023.71

Dinarto, W., & Astriani, D. (2012). Produktivitas Kacang Tanah di Lahan Kering pada Berbagai Intensitas Penyiangan. Jurnal Agrisains, 3(4), 33–43.

Everaarts, A. P. (1993). Effects of competition with weeds on the growth, development and yield of sorghum. The Journal of Agricultural Science, 120(2), 187–196. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859600074220

Everman, W. J., Burke, I. C., Clewis, S. B., Thomas, W. E., & Wilcut, J. W. (2008). Critical Period of Grass VS. Broadleaf Weed Interference in Peanut. Weed Technology, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1614/wt-07-037.1

Firmansyah, N., Selvy Handayani, R., & Baidhawi, dan. (2020). Dominansi Gulma Invasif Pada Beberapa Tipe Pemanfaatan Lahan Di Kecamatan Sawang Kabupaten Aceh Utara Dominance of Invasive Weeds in Various Land Uses in Sawang District, Aceh Utara Regency. Jurnal Agrium, 17(2), 144–148.

Goo, N., & Laurien Tanasale, V. (2023). Analisis Vegetasi Gulma Rerumputan Pada Areal Pertanaman Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum) Di Negeri Hatu Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Agrologia, 12(2), 165–175.

Hare, A. T., Jordan, D. L., Leon, R. G., Edmisten, K. L., Post, A. R., Mahoney, D. J., & Washburn, D. (2019). Impact of Weed Management on Peanut Yield and Weed Populations the Following Year. Peanut Science, 46(2), 182–190. https://doi.org/10.3146/ps19-9.1

Hejda, M., Štajerová, K., Pergl, J., & Pyšek, P. (2019). Impacts of dominant plant species on trait composition of communities: comparison between the native and invaded ranges. Ecosphere, 10(10). https://doi.org/10.1002/ecs2.2880

Hordijk, I., Maynard, D. S., Hart, S. P., Lidong, M., ter Steege, H., Liang, J., de-Miguel, S., Nabuurs, G. J., Reich, P. B., Abegg, M., Adou Yao, C. Y., Alberti, G., Almeyda Zambrano, A. M., Alvarado, B. V., Esteban, A. D., Alvarez-Loayza, P., Alves, L. F., Ammer, C., Antón-Fernández, C., … Crowther, T. W. (2023). Evenness mediates the global relationship between forest productivity and richness. Journal of Ecology, 111(6). https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2745.14098

Imaniasita, V., Liana, T., & Pamungkas, D. S. (2020). Identifikasi Keragaman dan Dominansi Gulma pada Lahan Pertanaman Kedelai. Agrotechnology Research Journal, 4(1), 11–16. https://doi.org/10.20961/agrotechresj.v4i1.36449

Kaur, A., Singh, G., Menon, S., & Kumari, K. (2024). Integrated Weed Management: A Comprehensive Review of Conventional, Non-Conventional, and Emerging Strategies for Sustainable Agriculture. Journal of Advances in Biology & Biotechnology, 27(8), 156–167. https://doi.org/10.9734/jabb/2024/v27i81130

Kaur, S., Schwartz-Lazaro, L. M., Werle, R., & Cordeau, S. (2023). Editorial: Integrated weed management for reduced weed infestations in sustainable cropping systems. In Frontiers in Agronomy (Vol. 5). https://doi.org/10.3389/fagro.2023.1301564

Köllmann, P., & Waldhardt, R. (2022). Farming Intensity Affects Soil Seedbank Composition and Spontaneous Vegetation of Arable Weeds. In Diversity (Vol. 14, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.3390/d14020111

Kurniawan, R. M., Purnamawati, H., & E. K, Y. W. (2017). Respon Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogaea L.) terhadap Sistem Tanam Alur dan Pemberian Jenis Pupuk. Buletin Agrohorti, 5(3), 342. https://doi.org/10.29244/agrob.5.3.342-350

Li, Z., Zhang, X., Wang, Y., Zheng, Z., Zhang, C., Wu, T., Wu, Y., Gao, Y., & Du, F. (2023). Improved Method to Characterize Leaf Surfaces, Guide Adjuvant Selection, and Improve Glyphosate Efficacy. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 71(3). https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jafc.2c05622

Mangoensoekarjo, S., & Soejono, A. T. (2023). Ilmu Gulma dan Pengelolaan Pada Budi Daya Perkebunan. Gadjah Mada University Press.

Margalef, R. (1958). Information Theory in Ecology. General Systems, 3, 36–71.

Melo, T. S., Makino, P. A., & Ceccon, G. (2019). Weed diversity in corn with different plant arrangement patterns grown alone and intercropped with palisade grass. Planta Daninha, 37. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582019370100103

Munthe, A. S., Purba, E., & Lahay, R. R. (2016). Respons Perkecambahan Biji Gulma Eleusine indica L. Gaertn terhadap Kedalaman dan Waktu Terkubur. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi, 4.No.4(4), 2367–2375.

Ngawit, I. K., Wangiyana, W., & Farida, N. (2024). Keanekaragaman, Dominansi, Daya Adaptasi dan Kehilangan Hasil Beberapa Varietas Kacang Tanah (Arachis hypogeae L.) Akibat Kompetisi Gulma Berdaun Lebar di Lahan Kering. Jurnal Sains Teknologi & Lingkungan, 10(3), 564–583. https://doi.org/10.29303/jstl.v10i3.746

Perdana, E. O., Chairul, & Syam, Z. (2013). Analisis Vegetasi Gulma Pada Tanaman Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus, L.) di Kecamatan Batang Anai, Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, Sumatera Barat. Jurnal Biologi Universitas Andalas, 2(4), 242–248.

Pratama, Y. Y., & Nuswantara, B. (2020). Analisis Pemasaran Kacang Tanah Di Kecamatan Pabelan Kabupaten Semarang. Jambura Agribusiness Journal, 2(1), 34–38. https://doi.org/10.37046/jaj.v2i1.7042

Singh, A., Karaca, E., Russell, D., Mcelroy, S., & Maity, A. (2025). Biology and status of herbicide resistant goosegrass and its control options in Alabama. Plains Press, 1–10.

Sumekar, Y., Mutakin, J., & Rabbani, Y. (2017). Keanekaragaman Gulma Dominan Pada Pertanaman Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) Di Kabupaten Garut The Weeds Diversity Dominant To Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill) In Garut Regency. Jagros, 1(2), 67–79.

Tampubolon, K., Purba, E., & Hanafiah, D. S. (2018). RESISTENSI Eleusine indica TERHADAP GLIFOSAT PADA PERKEBUNAN KELAPA SAWIT DI KABUPATEN BATU BARA. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 6(3), 133–139. https://doi.org/10.23960/jat.v6i3.2798

Tarigan, P. L., & Dewanti, F. D. (2023). Analisis Vegetasi dan Identifikasi Kandungan Fitokimia Gulma pada Lahan Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.). Agrocentrum, 1(1), 33–40. https://doi.org/10.33005/agrocentrum.v1i1.2

Travlos, I. S., Cheimona, N., Roussis, I., & Bilalis, D. J. (2018). Weed-species abundance and diversity indices in relation to tillage systems and fertilization. In Frontiers in Environmental Science (Vol. 6, Issue APR). https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2018.00011

Unnikrishnan, D., Raj, S. K., & Babu, C. S. A. (2022). Melochia corchorifolia L. (Chocolate Weed) an Underutilized Bio-resource: A Review. Agricultural Reviews, Of. https://doi.org/10.18805/ag.r-2397

Wang, Z. (2017). Process strengths determine the forms of the relationship between plant species richness and primary productivity. PLoS ONE, 12(11). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185884

Weihan, R. A., Maulidia, V., Andriani, D., Bayinah, L. N., & Afrillah, M. (2023). Analisis Vegetasi Gulma pada Lahan Budidaya Terong (Salonum melongena L) di Desa Ujong Tanoh Darat Aceh Barat. Agrotek Lestari, 9.

Widiyani, D. P., Usodri, K. S., Sari, S., & Nurmayanti, S. (2022). Analisis Vegetasi Gulma Pada Berbagai Tegakan Tanaman Perkebunan. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 10(2), 55. https://doi.org/10.23960/jat.v11i1.6045


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.